weaving machine and its parts

weaving machine

Basic loom parts

5.1. Weavers beam: It is a wooden or metal cylinder on the back of the loom on which the warp sheet is wound.

5.2. Warp sheet: It contains the warp threads extend in parallel order from the weaver's beam.

5.3. Backrest: It provides the support to the warp sheet which is coming out of the weaver's beam.

5.4. Drop pins: It is supported by the warp thread and whenever a thread breaks or loosens, the drop pin - is no longer supported - drops and gives a signal for warp stop motion.

5.5. Reed: It is a metallic comb which is used to push the weft yarn securely in the fell of the cloth, separates the threads and keeps them in their position.

5.6. Shed: It is the triangular space, made by the upward and downward motion of the selected warp threads, through which the weft is passed in a straight motion.

5.7. Shuttle: It is a wooden tool which is used to carry the weft thread through the shed.

5.8. Front rest: It provides support to the cloth.



5.9. Cloth guide roll:It guides the cloth being wound on to the cloth roller.





5.10. Emery roller: It is a roller which provides tension to the cloth before its winding on the cloth roll.

5.11. Cloth roll: It is the roller on which the woven cloth is wound.

5.12. Rocking shaft: It is an axle which provides support to the sley.

5.13. Sley: It is responsible for pushing up the weft thread to the fell of the cloth and hence does the beat-up motion.

5.14. Heald frame: It is a wooden/metallic frame containing heads through which the warp threads pass and it separates the warp threads into two or more groups.

5.15. Heald eye: It is the opening (or eye) of the head wire through which each thread or group of thread passes.

5.16. Sley race: It is made up of wood and provides support to the shuttle

5.17. Temple: The temples are used to hold fast the width of the woven cloth as equal to as possible to the width of the warp.

5.18. Tension rod: The tension rod is used to hold fast the width of the woven cloth under a tensioned condition in the cloth roller.

5.19. Passage of the warp yarns: The warp yarns passes from the weaver's beam which is generally placed at the back side of the weaving machine. The passage of warp through a loom is shown in figure 2. The warp after leaving the weaver’s beam 1 pass over two bars 2 and 3 connected by a bracket at each end. One half of the warp end now passes under the back lease rod 4, and the other half passes over this rod. Those warp ends which pass under the back lease rod pass over the front lease rod 5, and ends from over the back lease rod pass under the front lease rod. Therefore, the warp is completely divided as it passes through the lease rods, and facilitates the straightening of any warp ends which may break and become entangled before they reach the heads 6 and 7. The lease rods also assist in forming an even shed.

Leaving the lease rods, the warp ends next pass through the heads. Odd numbered pass through the front heald7, and the even numbered ends pass through the back heald 6. The heads consist of heald wires with eyes at the centre through which the warp ends are passed, the warp ends being thus controlled in their upward and downward movement. The warp ends next pass through the reed 8, this being comprised of a flat wire comb with the teeth secured at both ends. Usually, two ends pass between one tooth and the next—this space being termed “dent”. In the figure, two warp ends are represented as being in the same dent.

At point 9 is what is known as the ‘Cloth fell’. It may be considered as the point where the warp and weft become cloth because it is at this point where the last pick of weft, which was left by the shuttle, becomes beaten up. Passing forward, the cloth is held at each side by a temple 10 which holds the cloth fell out to the width of the warp yarn, in the reed. From the temples, the cloth passes over the breast beam/front rest 11, partly around the sand or emery roller K, over the steel roller, or tension rod L, and then on to the cloth roller M.

6. Machine types, side and passage of warp through weaving machine parts
6.1. Machine type: The weaving machine can be tappet loom, dobby loom or jacquard loom. Mostly plain power looms that are run by a weaver for 4 looms are Tappet looms.

6.2. The side of the Machine: The weaving machines are also termed as Left hand or Right hand loom depending on the position of the starting handle of the loom.

6.3. Size of the Machine: The weaving machines are also categorised according to the size of the loom depending on the width of the machine, like 48”, 72” or 108” loom.